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Abstract This paper is concerned with imaging of 3D scattering objects with experimental data from the Fresnel database. The first goal of the paper is to investigate a modified version of the orthogonality sampling method (OSM) by Harris and Nguyen [2020 SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 42 B72–737] for the imaging problem. The advantage of the modified OSM over its original version lies in its applicability to more types of polarization vectors associated with the electromagnetic scattering data. We analyze the modified OSM using the factorization analysis for the far field operator and the Funk–Hecke formula. The second goal is to verify the performance of the modified OSM, the OSM, and the classical factorization method for the 3D Fresnel database. The modified OSM we propose is able to invert the sparse and limited-aperture real data in a fast, simple, and efficient way. It is also shown in the real data verification that the modified OSM performs better than its original version and the factorization method.